Kidney Disease and Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates provide the body with glucose, which is converted to energy used to support bodily functions and physical activity. Whole grains provide a wide range of health benefits due to their rich nutrient content. The healthiest sources of carbohydrates—unprocessed or minimally processed foods include whole grains, vegetables, fruits and beans—promote good health by delivering vitamins, minerals, fiber, and a host of important phytonutrients. With kidney disease and carbohydrates, there some of the key benefits of incorporating whole grains into your diet include:

Dietary Fibre: whole grains are a great source of fibre, crucial for digestive health and a healthy gut microbiome. Fibre also contributes to a feeling of fullness, controlling appetite. 

Heart Health: whole grains are linked with a reduced risk of heart disease. The fibre, along with other compounds helps lower cholesterol, regulate blood pressure, and improve health.

Blood Sugar Control: whole grains have a lower glycemic index compared to refined grains. This is especially beneficial for those with diabetes or those at risk.

Nutrient Density: whole grains are rich in essential nutrients such as B vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. These are vital for energy metabolism and immune function.

Cancer Prevention: studies suggest that due to the fibre and antioxidants, a whole grain-rich diet may be associated with a lower risk of certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. 

Incorporating a variety of whole grains such as brown rice, quinoa, oats, and barley into your diet can contribute to these health benefits.

Kidney Disease and Carbohydrates

In the past, whole grains were often discouraged in the renal diet due to the higher phosphorus and potassium content. But with newer learnings of the bioavailability, we know that we can still include these with kidney disease and carbohydrates.

However, recommendations have now changed for whole grains and CKD as the increased use of packaged and prepared foods along with eating out more often has significantly increased sodium, potassium and phosphorus intake due to food additives. 

Whole grains also vary in their amounts of potassium and phosphorus. Whole grains that are lower in this content include barley, buckwheat, bulgur, and wild rice while brown rice, oats, quinoa are foods with higher potassium and phosphorus content. Selection is key!

Strategies for carbohydrates

Looking to enhance your kidney disease and carbohydrates? Some strategies to incorporate whole grains into a CKD friendly diet include:

Select Lower Phosphorus Grains: choose whole grains lower in phosphorus content.

Control Portion Size: monitor portion size to control nutrient intake.

Soak/Rinse Grains: soaking or rinsing grains prior to cooking can help reduce their phosphorus content. This is particularly relevant for grains such as brown rice or quinoa. 

Diversify Whole Grain Choices: include a variety of whole grains to add diversity to the diet. This way, options such as farro and quinoa can be consumed in moderation.

Remember to consult with a registered dietitian for personalized dietary advice that meets your nutritional requirements while considering CKD.

This article was written by Neha Dewan, Nutrition Student Volunteer.
This article was reviewed by Emily Campbell, RD CDE MScFN.