When managing chronic kidney disease (CKD), making mindful choices about what to eat is essential for maintaining health and preventing further complications. Seafood can be a great option due to its nutrient-rich profile, but not all types of seafood are created equal for individuals with CKD. Here are some tips for navigating seafood restaurants and eating seafood and chronic kidney disease.
Benefits of including fish with CKD
Fish, particularly fatty fish, is known for its many health benefits from the Mediterranean diet, especially for people with CKD. Here are a few key advantages of including fish in your diet:
- High in Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. These essential fats have anti-inflammatory properties and are beneficial for heart health, which is especially important for individuals with CKD. CKD often increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and omega-3s can help reduce this risk by lowering triglyceride levels and improving blood vessel function. - Lean Protein Source
Fish provides high-quality protein, which is vital for maintaining muscle mass and overall health. However, if you have CKD, it’s essential to balance protein intake, as excessive protein can worsen kidney function. Fish is a good option because it typically contains leaner protein compared to red meats, making it easier on the kidneys when consumed in moderation. - Low in Phosphorus and Potassium (For Some Fish)
Some fish are relatively low in phosphorus and potassium, two minerals that can be problematic for individuals with CKD. Phosphorus can build up in the blood, while potassium can affect heart function. Choosing fish with lower levels of these minerals can help manage these risks.
Seafood and kidney disease
It’s important to understand the nutritional content of different types of fish to make informed choices. Here’s a breakdown of the nutrition information for a few popular fish:
Salmon
Salmon is one of the most popular fatty fish, packed with nutrients:
- Calories (3 oz cooked): 175
- Protein: 22g
- Omega-3s (EPA/DHA): 1,500-2,000 mg
- Potassium: 400 mg
- Phosphorus: 200 mg
Salmon provides a good balance of high-quality protein and omega-3s while also being a moderate source of potassium and phosphorus. For individuals with CKD, it’s generally safe in moderation, but portion sizes should be adjusted depending on kidney function and potassium needs (National Kidney Foundation, 2021).
Cod
Cod is a leaner, white fish with less fat compared to salmon, making it a suitable option for individuals who need to limit their fat intake:
- Calories (3 oz cooked): 70
- Protein: 16g
- Omega-3s (EPA/DHA): 300 mg
- Potassium: 300 mg
- Phosphorus: 180 mg
Cod is low in fat and relatively low in potassium and phosphorus, making it a great option for people managing CKD, particularly if you need to reduce your intake of these minerals.
Shrimp
Shrimp is another popular seafood choice but it’s lower in omega-3s compared to fatty fish like salmon:
- Calories (3 oz cooked): 90
- Protein: 19g
- Omega-3s (EPA/DHA): 300 mg
- Potassium: 220 mg
- Phosphorus: 180 mg
Shrimp is an excellent source of lean protein but also has a relatively low fat content, which may be beneficial for kidney health. However, it can be high in sodium when cooked with salt, so be cautious about the seasoning used when dining at a restaurant.
Tips for eating seafood and kidney disease when eating out
- Choose Grilled, Baked, or Steamed Fish
Avoid fried fish, as the added oil increases unhealthy fat intake, which can affect kidney health. Grilled, baked, or steamed fish is a healthier choice because these methods preserve the nutrients without adding extra fat or sodium. - Request Light or No Salt
Restaurants often add salt to seafood dishes, which can be problematic for individuals with CKD, as too much sodium can cause fluid retention and increase blood pressure. Request that your dish be prepared with minimal or no added salt. - Watch Portion Sizes
While fish can be a healthy part of a CKD-friendly diet, portion control is key. Excessive protein can burden the kidneys, so it’s important to stick to recommended portion sizes. A typical portion of fish is about 3 to 4 ounces, roughly the size of a deck of cards. - Skip the Sauces and Dressings
Many seafood dishes come with rich sauces that may contain added fats, sodium, or phosphorus, which could be problematic for kidney health. Instead, ask for the sauce on the side or opt for a simple squeeze of lemon or olive oil to add flavor without compromising health. - Balance Your Meal with Vegetables
Seafood pairs well with vegetables, which are a healthy and low-calorie addition to your meal. Try to avoid starchy vegetables like potatoes and opt for greens such as spinach, broccoli, or asparagus. These vegetables tend to be lower in potassium, which is beneficial for those with CKD. - Be Cautious with Shellfish
While shellfish like shrimp, lobster, and crab can be good sources of protein, they are also often higher in cholesterol. It’s essential to limit shellfish intake, particularly if you have CKD and cardiovascular issues.
Limit High-Sodium Side Dishes
Many seafood restaurants offer side dishes like fries or soups that are high in sodium. Ask for simple, kidney-friendly sides like a side salad or steamed vegetables instead. This will help keep your meal balanced without overloading on sodium.
Seafood and kidney disease
Seafood and kidney disease is possible. And eating seafood can be a healthy and tasty option when dining out with CKD, but it’s essential to choose wisely. Opt for lean fish like cod and salmon, and be mindful of preparation methods and portion sizes. By making informed choices and paying attention to sodium, potassium, and phosphorus levels, you can enjoy a meal that supports your kidney health. As always, consult your healthcare provider or dietitian for personalized advice tailored to your specific health needs.
This article was written by Sarra Shaker, Nutrition Student Volunteer.
This article was reviewed by Emily Campbell, RD CDE MScFN.
