Probiotics and prebiotics have gained attention for their role in gut health, but they may also impact kidney health. For individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), understanding how these microorganisms work can help in making informed dietary choices. You may be wondering are probiotics safe for kidney disease? Here’s what you need to know about probiotics, their potential benefits and risks, and how to incorporate prebiotics into your diet safely.
What Are Probiotics?
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that support gut health by balancing the microbiome and preventing the growth of harmful bacteria. Consuming probiotics regularly can improve digestion and may reduce inflammation. Common probiotic-rich foods include:
- Yogurt (look for “live and active cultures” on the label)
- Kefir (fermented milk drink)
- Sauerkraut (fermented cabbage, but opt for unpasteurized varieties)
- Kimchi (fermented vegetables, often spicy)
- Kombucha (fermented tea)
So are probiotics safe for kidney disease? For individuals with CKD, choosing low-sodium options is essential to align with diet recommendations.
Can Probiotics Help With Kidney Disease?
Some research suggests that probiotics may help CKD patients by reducing uremic toxins—harmful substances that build up in the blood when kidney function declines. These bacteria may aid in breaking down these toxins before they reach the kidneys, potentially reducing kidney stress.
A review found that certain probiotics helped lower blood urea levels in CKD patients. While this is promising, more research is needed to determine the most effective strains and dosages. There is some exciting research happening in Canada. If you have CKD, talk to your doctor or dietitian before starting probiotics to ensure they align with your treatment plan.
Are Probiotics Safe for Kidney Disease?
For most people, probiotics are safe and well-tolerated. However, those with CKD—especially in advanced stages—should be cautious. A weakened immune system can increase the risk of infections from probiotics.
To reduce risk:
- Start with small doses and monitor for side effects like bloating or discomfort
- Consider the correct strain there are different straings of probiotics and depending on your health goal (e.g. digestive or kidney health) you may need a specific strain
- Consult a healthcare provider before taking probiotic supplements
Can Probiotics Be Harmful?
The short answer is yes. Though rare, probiotics can cause side effects in some CKD patients, particularly those who are immunocompromised. Potential risks include:
- Infections from live bacteria in supplements
- Unwanted metabolic effects due to changes in gut bacteria
- Electrolyte imbalances if fermented foods may be high in sodium or potassium
So Where Can I Get Started?
Prebiotics are types of fiber that feed beneficial gut bacteria, helping probiotics thrive. They are naturally found in:
- Garlic and onions (use in cooked meals)
- Bananas (best when slightly green)
- Asparagus and leeks (great in stir-fries)
- Oats and whole grains (opt for kidney-friendly portion sizes)
For CKD patients, prebiotic-rich foods should be selected carefully. Some, like bananas, are high in potassium, which may need to be limited depending on kidney function. Work with a dietitian to balance prebiotic intake with CKD dietary restrictions. Start with adding appropriate prebiotic foods to your diet.
Probiotics and prebiotics offer potential benefits for gut health and may support kidney function by reducing harmful toxins. However, CKD patients should be cautious and consult healthcare providers before using probiotic supplements or making major dietary changes. Choosing the right foods, starting with small amounts, and monitoring your body’s response can help you gain the benefits while minimizing risks.
This article was written by Sarra Shaker, Nutrition Student Volunteer.
This article was reviewed by Emily Campbell, RD CDE MScFN.
